Understanding flash and conventional droughts in Australia

July 18, 2025

How quickly do droughts develop?

Droughts are often thought of as slow-developing events that unfold over months, but new research from the Climate Systems Hub is challenging this traditional view. Our latest analysis reveals that in Australia, some droughts can emerge much faster than previously recognised—sometimes in just two to three weeks. Known as flash droughts, these rapid-onset events occur when low rainfall, intense heat, and high atmospheric demand quickly strip moisture from the soil, leading to agricultural stress in a short timeframe.

While conventional droughts typically develop over four to five weeks or longer, flash droughts can cause significant impacts in a matter of weeks, lasting up to two months or more. The speed of their onset makes them harder to predict and prepare for, posing risks to crops, ecosystems, and water security.

Our research highlights the growing need to understand both flash and conventional drought risks as Australia’s climate continues to warm. This knowledge is critical for developing more responsive drought management strategies, early warning systems, and adaptation plans to better protect communities, industries, and the environment.

Learn more about the differences between drought types and why flash droughts are becoming an increasing concern for Australia’s future in the explainer below. Or check out the project Extreme climate: dry, wet, hot-and-dry for more information.